Interviews

During the creation of RACE—The Power of an Illusion, the production team filmed interviews with dozens of leading scholars on race. Most of this material did not make it into the final 3-hour series, but it remains a rare and valuable intellectual resource, so we've included edited transcripts on this site.

interview
Nancy DiTomaso
How do whites feel about race, affirmative action and racial inequality? To find out, Nancy DiTomaso interviewed white people throughout the United States.
Nancy DiTomaso is a sociologist and Professor of Organization Management at Rutgers University. Her research focuses on racial inequality without racism and white men and affirmative action.
interview
Stephen Jay Gould
Why did different skin colors evolve? Where did the term Caucasian come from? Are scientists biased by their beliefs?

Stephen Jay Gould was one of the foremost natural historians of our time and has written many books, including The Mismeasure of Man.

interview
Pilar Ossorio
A look at biological notions of race, how race is socially real, health consequences of race, and drug company research and classification.

Pilar Ossorio is a legal scholar, microbiologist and bioethicist who teaches at the University of Wisconsin - Madison. She is a leading expert on the ethical implications of genetic research.

interview
James O. Horton
A look at the fluidity of racial identities in early colonial America, the long history of slavery not based on race, and how the rationalization of slavery continues to affect us today.

James O. Horton is Benjamin Banneker Professor of American Studies and History at George Washington University and Director of the Afro-American Communities Project of the National Museum of American History at the Smithsonian Institution.

interview
Robert Rydell
What do the world's fairs tell us about our ideas of race? How did Americans at the start of the 20th century view themselves and others? Why were indigenous peoples from around the world put on display?

Robert Rydell is Professor of History at Montana State University. He is a specialist on world's fairs, and author of All the World's a Fair.

interview
Beverly Daniel Tatum
Does everyone experience race the same way? How do our cultural experiences shape our perceptions of other people? How do we unknowingly recreate racism?

Beverly Daniel Tatum, is a clinical psychologist, professor and President of Spelman College. She is an expert on race relations and author of Why Are All The Black Kids Sitting Together in the Cafeteria? and Assimilation Blues: Black Families in a White Community.

interview
Richard Lewontin
How much genetic variation really exists between people? Can genetic research help us unlock human differences?

Richard Lewontin, Alexander Agassiz Professor Emeritus of Zoology at Harvard University, is one of the world's most eminent authorities on human diversity. He has written many celebrated books on evolution and human variation books including The Triple Helix.

interview
Jonathan Marks
Why doesn't it make sense to classify people into races? How do we sort through all our confusion about genetics, biology and things like athletic ability? Where did our traditional notions of race come from?

Jonathan Marks is a molecular anthropologist who teaches at the University of North Carolina-Charlotte. He is author of Human Biodiversity and What It Means to Be 98% Chimpanzee.

interview
john a. powell
How is race socially constructed? Why can't we get rid of the concept? How do whites benefit without having to do anything? What can we do about residential segregation and inequality?

john a. powell is director of the Institute for the Study of Race and Ethnicity in the Americas at Ohio State University and the Gregory H. Williams Chair in Civil Rights and Civil Liberties in the Moritz College of Law. He is a nationally recognized scholar on race, poverty, and regional equity.

interview
Robin D.G. Kelley
How did early American peoples see themselves? How is race socially constructed? How is racism more than just individual prejudice and fear?

Robin D.G. Kelley is chair of the history department at New York University. He is also author of Race Rebels: Culture, Politics and the Black Working Class.

interview
Ira Berlin
What was early colonial Virginia like? How are race and freedom tied together? What is the tension in American history with regard to race?

Ira Berlin is Distinguished University Professor of History at the University of Maryland. He is author of Generations of Captivity: A History of African American Slaves, Many Thousands Gone: The First Two Centuries of Slavery in America and other books.

interview
Evelynn Hammonds
A look at 19th century race science, race and medicine, and how scientists are influenced by their social context.

Evelynn Hammonds is Professor of History of Science and of Afro-American Studies at Harvard University. Her latest book is The Logic of Difference: A History of Race in Science and Medicine in the United States.

interview
Karen Ordahl Kupperman
How did the English and Native peoples of America view themselves and each other at the time of their first encounter? Why did the English colonize North America?

Karen Ordahl Kupperman is a professor of history at New York University. She is author of Indians and English: Facing Off in North America and Roanoke: The Lost Colony.

interview
Alan Goodman
What are our assumptions about biology and race? What's the difference between looking at race as a social idea and a scientific one? What other explanations exist for why we look different?

Alan Goodman is professor of biological anthropology at Hampshire College and co-editor of Genetic Nature / Culture: Anthropology and Science Beyond the Cultural Divide and Building a New Bio-Cultural Synthesis.

interview
Dalton Conley
What is the relationship between housing and wealth? Why does wealth matter and what does this have to do with race?

Dalton Conley is director of the Center for Advanced Social Science Research (CASSR) and an associate professor in the Department of Sociology at New York University. He is the author of Being Black, Living in the Red: Race, Wealth, and Social Policy in America.

interview
Melvin Oliver
Does everyone have the same opportunities to get ahead? Where did the wealth gap between blacks and whites come from, and what should we do about it?

Sociologist Melvin Oliver is vice president of asset building and community development at the Ford Foundation and co-author of Black Wealth, White Wealth.

interview
Theda Perdue
How did ideas of race change and affect the treatment of Native Americans and the self-identity of tribes like the Cherokee, from the early encounter with British colonists to today?

Thedea Perdue is a historian who teaches at the University of North Carolina. Among her books are The Cherokee; Cherokee Women; and the forthcoming "Mixed Blood" Indians: Racial Construction in the Early South.

interview
Audrey Smedley
How is race a modern concept? Why were Africans enslaved? What role did 19th century ethnologists and race scientists play in shaping our understanding of race?

Audrey Smedley is a professor of anthropology at Virginia Commonwealth University. She is author of Race in North America: Origins of a Worldview.

interview
Joseph Graves, Jr.
Are certain races athletically superior? How much genetic diversity is there among humans?

Joseph Graves, Jr. is a profess of evolutionary biology at Embry-Riddle University, and author of The Emperor's New Clothes: Biological Theories of Race at the Millennium.